Mortising and tenoning machine



- plate.

U TED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS A; CHANDLER, OF ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS.

IVIORTISING AND TENONING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 4,876, dated December 9, 1846.'

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS A. CHAND- LER, of Rockford, in the county of Winnebago and State of Illinois, have invented a new and useful Machine for Cutting Mortises and Tenons in Wood and Metal, Planing Metals and Woods, and Performing other Descriptions of Work, which is described as follows, referencel being had to the annexed drawings of the same, making part of this specification'.

Figure l is a plan of the machine showing the right header and the left plane in a position to cut the wood or metal and the left header and right plane drawn back from the wood or metal, the front plate being removed or detached from the back plate for that purpose. Fig. 2 is a plan of the front Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the machine. Fig. t is a view of the underside of the back plate showing the mortise. Fig. 5 is a plan of one of the vibrating cutters showing the side trimmers. Fig. 6 is a lplan of a forked cutter for making tenons.

The nature of this invention and improvement consists in combining with the mortising machine having two ordinary parallel cutters' or headers moved alternately by racks and pinions or segments two alternate vibrating planes or cutters that are'v caused to cut from the center of the mortise (when mortising) toward each end thereof alternately in the manner of planes with side cutters-the cutting being performed in parallel right lines and immediately succeeding the operation of the parallel cutters or headers while the levers to which said vibrating cutters are-affixed have a compound motion from and around their fulcra caused by the end of the pendulum which is made with eccentrics that actagainst shoulders on the levers of said combined planes and side cutters and connecting said levers to the pendulum by oblong mortises and adjustable.

in them and the action of the eccentrics and openings hereafter more particularly described.

mortises.

A .A2 are the stationary parallel plates containing the cutters consisting of a front `and a back plate held together by screw cogged segmentsv the racks being formed on .the inner edges of the slides and the seg ments on the conveX edges of the pendulum.

B B are the racks.V i

B3 B3 are the tenons formed on the under side of the slides O thependulum. D the aXle on which it vibrates inserted int-o the back plate A2. E the cogged segments formed on segments of a circle described around a center which is the center of the yaXleof the pendulum.

F are the eccentrics formed on the end of the pendulum for mo-vingthe cutters simultaneously from the center of the mortise `to one end thereof in a right line.

I are the planes made with side cutters or spurs for trimming the sides of the mor-V tise the planes cutting out the bottom of the mortise in right parallel lines. f

H are the vibrating levers to which the said cutters are attached containing oblong mortises to allow them to move over their fulcra and the pins that connect them with the pendulum. n

I are the fulcra of said levers inserted into the parallel plates A A2.

J are the aforesaidv oblong mortises in the levers to admit said fulcra and allow the levers to move longitudinally back and forth over the same. These fulcra are to be withdrawn from the plates and leversv and inserted into other holes in the front and back plates and into the mortises J in said levers nearer to the cutters in order to reduce the sweep of the cutters for making smaller VVhen'larger mortises are vto be made the fulcra must be removed farther from the cutters. sition of the longer ends of the levers must be changed-that is to say-they must be placed wider apart when small mortises are to l be made, and brought nearer together when larger mortises are required to be cut. K are screw bolts for connecting the levers At the same time the poto `the pendulum passed through oblong mortises j in the levers and screwed into the pendulum so that the levers shall move longitudinally back and forth over said screws y' and over their fulcra` as described. K2 are other holes in the pendulum to admit the screws K when the position of the levers is to be changed.

L are springs attached to the levers H and bearing against pendulum C. These springs contact when their respective cutters G are pushed outward toward the article to be cut which takes place when the pendulum is vibrated and causes the levers H to mo-ve on their fulcra I in the arc of a circle while the cutters move in straight lines from the center toward the ends of the mortise.

Then one of the planes is advancing toward the article to be cut the other is receding from it by which operation there is an alternate operation of cutting from the center toward the extremities of the mortise kept up by the planes or cutters caused to act by the vibration of the pendulum. At the same time there is an alternate cutting operation performed by the end cutters or headers produced by the motion of the slides to which they are attached for cutting down the ends of the mortise. M are the said end cutters, or headers, made in the usual manner. The Shanks of these cutters are inserted into sockets made in sliding stocks O grooved on the upper and under sides. The groove on the under side of the stock is to receive a tongue on the upper side of the sliding rack plate B. The groove on the upper side of the stock is to receive a tongue formed on the under side of a vibrating clamp plate N, between which the sliding stock is clamped. On the under side of the clamp plate are two ears P which come between two ears Q on the upper side of the sliding plate B. The aforesaid ears of the vibrating plate are connected to the ears of the sliding plate by pins on which the upper plates vibrate or turn. The edge of the vibrating plate is brought nearer to or receded farther from the sliding plate in order to clamp or release the stock of the cutters by means of a screw R, placed in a corresponding female screw in the vibrating plate and screwed against the sliding plate so that by turning said screw to the right or to the left it will cause the clamp plate to vibrate on the aforesaid pins. Both headers or cutters are provided with similar stock, plate, and screw. By thusv arranging the stocks of the headers between adjustable clamp plates they can be brought to any required distance apart for cutting or heading long or short mortises with great ease and despatch. The combined vibrating cut ters for cutting out the material between the heads of the mortise may be provided with surface of the back plate.

to say to recede gradually from the center to its fulcrum simultaneously with its movement toward the end of the mortisethe radial lines drawn from the fulcrum of the lever increasing with the lengthening of the tangential line on which the cutters move.

By altering the form of the eccentrics the cutters may be made to move in a curved line-either convex or concave.

To cut tenons the cutters above described must be removed and others adapted for the purpose intended put in their places, such as that represented at Fig. 6 which is made forked for cutting the shoulders and removing the material from thev sides of the tenon.

The cutters must be adapted to perform the work required to be done. They are all however to be operated on the same principle as above described, that is to say while the header (in mortising) is cutting in a straight line from the operator, the opposite vibrating cutters are to move in a straight line at right angles thereto (or in a curve line) from the center to the opposite end of the mortise for cutting the sides and bottom thereof and by reversing the position of the pendulum causing the other cutters to act in a similar manner. The

-pendulum may be vibrated by hand, by

manual, steam, water, or any convenient power applied to it, in any convenient way lor manner.

The article to be acted upon, or to be cut, must be applied to the cutters by hand or by machinery. The cutters however may be applied to the substance to be cut, the latter being held stationary.

The size proportion and material of the machine may be varied to suit the views of the constructor.

S are set screws for adjusting the slides to the back plate or for keeping them against raised ways or ribs formed on the upper T steel plates placed between the points of the set screws S and raised ways or projections formed on -theslides for preventing the format-ion of cavities therein by the points of the screws.

U other set screws passing through the parallel side flanges A of the back plate A2 and screwed against steel plates placed against the straight edges of the rack slides for keeping the tenons on the backs of the said slides against the sides of the mortises in the back plate and the racks in proper gear ywith the cogged segments.

What I claim vas my invention and desire structed, arranged and operated in the manto secure by Letters Patent isner and for the purposes above described or Combining with the two parallel alterother mode substantially the same. nate moving headers, two alternate vibrat- THOS. A. CHANDLER. 5 ing cutters connected to and moved by the lVitnesses:

cogged and eccentric pendulum that moves WM. P. ELLIOT, the headers Whether the several parts be con- ALBERT E. H. JOHNSON. 

